In the described scenario, hookworm transmission could occur by which routes?

In the described scenario, hookworm transmission could occur by which routes?

• A. Direct and Indirect
• B. Indirect only
• C. Direct only
• D. The rabbit could have

Answer: (A)

Hookworm transmission can occur through two pathways. First, direct transmission happens when infective larvae in the environment come into contact with and penetrate the skin or are swallowed with contaminated soil, water, or food. Second, indirect transmission occurs when a host ingests a paratenic (or intermediate) host that already harbors larvae in its tissues, allowing infection without direct soil exposure. Because both pathways are possible in many scenarios, transmission could occur by direct and indirect routes. The mention of a rabbit illustrates the indirect route via a paratenic host, not a separate mode.

Hookworm transmission can occur through two pathways. First, direct transmission happens when infective larvae in the environment come into contact with and penetrate the skin or are swallowed with contaminated soil, water, or food. Second, indirect transmission occurs when a host ingests a paratenic (or intermediate) host that already harbors larvae in its tissues, allowing infection without direct soil exposure. Because both pathways are possible in many scenarios, transmission could occur by direct and indirect routes. The mention of a rabbit illustrates the indirect route via a paratenic host, not a separate mode.